My India
Demographics
Population
1.4 billion (2024 est.)
- • Growth Rate: 1.1% annually
- • Median Age: 28.4 years
- • Gender Ratio: 108 males/100 females
Geography
Total Area: 3.29 million km²
- • Land: 2.97 million km²
- • Water: 0.32 million km²
- • Coastline: 7,517 km
Languages
22 Official Languages
- • Hindi (44% speakers)
- • English (Business)
- • 1,600+ other languages
Religion
- • Hinduism: 79.8%
- • Islam: 14.2%
- • Christianity: 2.3%
- • Sikhism: 1.7%
- • Others: 2%
Literacy Rate
- • Overall: 77.7%
- • Male: 84.7%
- • Female: 70.3%
- • Youth (15-24 years): 91.7%
Urban vs Rural
- • Urban Population: 35%
- • Rural Population: 65%
- • Urbanization Rate: 2.4%
- • Cities with more than 1M people: 53
Current Leadership
President
Smt. Droupadi Murmu
2022-2027
Role: Head of State
Key Responsibilities:
- Supreme Commander of Armed Forces
- First Citizen of India
- Appointment of Prime Minister
- Dissolution of Parliament
Prime Minister
Shri Narendra Modi
2014-present
Role: Head of Government
Key Responsibilities:
- Chief Executive of Government
- Leader of Cabinet
- Chief Advisor to President
- Head of Federal Legislature
Vice President
Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar
2022-2027
Role: Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Key Responsibilities:
- Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Acting President when required
- Member of Parliament
- Constitutional Head
Political Hierarchy
Union Government
Federal government of India
Executive
- President (Head of State)
- Prime Minister (Head of Government)
- Council of Ministers
- Cabinet Secretariat
Legislature
- Lok Sabha (Lower House)
- Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
- Parliamentary Committees
- Legislative Secretariat
Judiciary
- Supreme Court
- Chief Justice of India
- Constitutional Benches
- Specialized Tribunals
State Government
28 States and 8 Union Territories
Executive
- Governor
- Chief Minister
- State Council of Ministers
- State Secretariat
Legislature
- State Legislative Assembly
- State Legislative Council (some states)
- State Committees
- State Commissions
Judiciary
- High Court
- District Courts
- Lower Courts
- Special Courts
Local Government
Urban and Rural Local Bodies
Urban
- Municipal Corporations
- Municipal Councils
- Nagar Panchayats
- Ward Committees
Rural
- Zilla Panchayat (District)
- Block Panchayat
- Gram Panchayat (Village)
- Gram Sabha
Key Features
- Federal Parliamentary Democracy
- Three-tier Government Structure
- Separation of Powers
- Independent Judiciary
International Trade
Trade Statistics
Total Trade
$1.2 Trillion (2023-24)
+15.4%
Exports
$453.3 Billion
+12.2%
Imports
$677.2 Billion
+16.8%
Trade Balance
-$223.9 Billion
+5.3%
Top Trading Partners
Major Exports
Manufactured Goods
- Petroleum Products
- Pharmaceuticals
- Engineering Goods
- Chemicals
- Textiles
Agriculture & Allied
- Rice
- Spices
- Tea & Coffee
- Marine Products
- Meat Products
Services
- IT Services
- Business Services
- Travel Services
- Financial Services
- Transportation
Major Imports
Energy
- Crude Oil
- Natural Gas
- Coal
- Uranium
- Renewable Energy Equipment
Capital Goods
- Industrial Machinery
- Electronic Components
- Aircraft & Parts
- Medical Equipment
- Telecom Equipment
Raw Materials
- Gold
- Diamond
- Industrial Metals
- Chemicals
- Plastics
States and Union Territories
Uttar Pradesh
Capital: Lucknow
Population: 241 million
Area: 243,290 km²
Languages: Hindi, Urdu
Largest state by population, major agricultural producer
Maharashtra
Capital: Mumbai
Population: 123 million
Area: 307,713 km²
Languages: Marathi, Hindi
Financial capital, largest state economy
Tamil Nadu
Capital: Chennai
Population: 77 million
Area: 130,058 km²
Languages: Tamil
Industrial hub, cultural heritage
Karnataka
Capital: Bengaluru
Population: 67.6 million
Area: 191,791 km²
Languages: Kannada
IT hub, startup capital of India
Gujarat
Capital: Gandhinagar
Population: 63.8 million
Area: 196,024 km²
Languages: Gujarati
Industrial powerhouse, longest coastline
Rajasthan
Capital: Jaipur
Population: 77.3 million
Area: 342,239 km²
Languages: Hindi, Rajasthani
Largest state by area, tourism hub
Kerala
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
Population: 35.7 million
Area: 38,863 km²
Languages: Malayalam
Highest literacy rate, tourism destination
West Bengal
Capital: Kolkata
Population: 97.7 million
Area: 88,752 km²
Languages: Bengali
Cultural capital, major port
Punjab
Capital: Chandigarh
Population: 30.3 million
Area: 50,362 km²
Languages: Punjabi
Agricultural heartland, food bowl of India
Madhya Pradesh
Capital: Bhopal
Population: 85.3 million
Area: 308,245 km²
Languages: Hindi
Heart of India, rich in minerals
Key Facts
Economy
Economic Overview
gdp
$3.75 trillion (2024 est.)
growth
7.2% (2023-24)
per Capita
$2,450
rank
5th largest economy globally
Key Indicators
Economic Sectors
Services
54%- IT & Software
- Financial Services
- Tourism
- Healthcare
- Education
Industry
29%- Manufacturing
- Construction
- Mining
- Utilities
- Automotive
Agriculture
17%- Crop Production
- Animal Husbandry
- Fisheries
- Forestry
- Food Processing
Defense Forces
budget
$72.9 billion (2024-25)
personnel
1.45 million active
reserve
1.15 million reserve
rank
4th strongest military globally
Indian Army
1.2 million personnel
- Main Battle Tanks: 3,500+
- Armored Vehicles: 8,686
- Artillery Systems: 4,300+
- Combat Helicopters: 75+
Indian Air Force
140,000 personnel
- Combat Aircraft: 538
- Transport Aircraft: 250+
- Helicopters: 700+
- Air Defense Systems
Indian Navy
67,000 personnel
- Aircraft Carriers: 2
- Submarines: 16
- Frigates: 13
- Destroyers: 11
Strategic Forces
- Nuclear Triad Capability
- Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
- Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles
- Strategic Bombers
Indigenous Programs
- Tejas Fighter Aircraft
- Arjun Main Battle Tank
- INS Vikrant Aircraft Carrier
- Agni Missile Series
Strategic Importance
Culture & Heritage
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Taj Mahal, Agra
- Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra
- Khajuraho Temples, MP
- Konark Sun Temple, Odisha
Classical Dance Forms
- Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu)
- Kathak (North India)
- Odissi (Odisha)
- Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh)
Classical Music
- Hindustani (North Indian)
- Carnatic (South Indian)
- Dhrupad
- Thumri
Major Festivals
Diwali
Festival of Lights
Victory of light over darkness
October-November
Holi
Festival of Colors
Arrival of spring
February-March
Eid
Islamic festival
End of Ramadan
Variable (Lunar calendar)
Traditional Art Forms
- Madhubani (Bihar)
- Warli (Maharashtra)
- Tanjore Paintings (Tamil Nadu)
- Miniature Paintings (Rajasthan)
Handicrafts
- Pashmina Shawls (Kashmir)
- Brass Work (Moradabad)
- Pottery (Blue Pottery of Jaipur)
- Silk Weaving (Banaras)
Cultural Diversity
Education System
Literacy Rate
77.7%
84.7% male, 70.3% female
Higher Education GER
27.1%
Gross Enrollment Ratio
Universities
1,043
Including central, state & private
Schools
1.5M+
Primary to senior secondary
Premier Institutes
- IITs (23 institutes)
- IIMs (20 institutes)
- AIIMS (9 institutes)
- NITs (31 institutes)
Research Institutions
- CSIR Labs
- ISRO Centers
- DRDO Facilities
- ICMR Institutes
National Education Policy 2020
- Flexible academic structure
- Emphasis on digital education
- Focus on skill development
- Multiple entry/exit options
Digital Education
- SWAYAM online platform
- Digital India e-Learning
- Virtual Labs
- National Digital Library
Education Structure
Infrastructure
Railways
Network: 68,155 km
Daily Passengers: 24 million
- Fourth largest rail network
- High-speed rail projects
- Metro systems in 13+ cities
- Dedicated freight corridors
Roadways
Network: 5.89 million km
National Highways: 136,440 km
- Second largest road network
- Bharatmala Project
- Golden Quadrilateral
- Express Highways
Airways
Airports: 136 operational
Annual Passengers: 341 million annually
- UDAN regional connectivity
- New greenfield airports
- Modernization of terminals
- Air cargo expansion
Energy Sector
Total Capacity: 401.01 GW
Energy Mix
- Thermal: 58%
- Renewable: 27%
- Hydro: 12%
- Nuclear: 3%
Key Initiatives
- One Nation One Grid
- Green Energy Corridors
- Smart Grid Mission
- Rural Electrification
Digital Infrastructure
Current Status
- 1.2 billion mobile users
- 825 million internet users
- 5G rollout in progress
- Digital India initiative
Major Projects
- BharatNet fiber network
- Smart Cities Mission
- Digital Payment Systems
- Public Wi-Fi networks